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Part-112-One Pager Snapshot to the Latest Cases on Section 29, 30, 54, 75 and 129 of CGST Act, 2017

-Amendment to Rule 89(4)(C) to definition of Export would apply prospectively.
– Right for refund of the accumulated ITC stands crystalised on the date when subject goods are exported.
– ITC relatable to the turnover of a period must be ascertained in terms of the rules as in force during the said period.
-Notice issued with time, place and venue of hearing mentioning “NA” was contrary to provisions of Section 75(4).
-Seven Days for issuance of notice U/Sec 129(3) have to be calculated from the date of detention and not from the following date
-Reasons are heart and soul of the order and non-communication of same itself amounts to denial of reasonable opportunity of hearing

S.No

Section

Case Subject

Case

Held

1

Section
54

Amendment to Rule
89(4)(C) to definition
of Export would apply
prospectively.
- Right for refund of
the accumulated ITC
stands crystalised on
the date when subject
goods are exported.
- ITC relatable to the
turnover of a period
must be ascertained
in terms of the rules as
in force during the
said period.

Indian Herbal Store (P.)
Ltd. v. Union of India
[2023] 155 taxmann.com
189 (Delhi)

The bone of contention amended Rule 89(4)(C) w.e.f. 23-03-2020 wherein export turnover would mean the value, which is 1.5 times
the value of the similar goods domestically supplied by the same, or similarly placed supplier, was added as a condition for computing
the turnover of zero-rated supplies. Petitioner had filed refund applications for quarters comprising 1-10-2018 to 30-9-2019. The said
applications were rejected by orders dated 15-9-2020, 24-9-2020, 22-10-2020 and 5-11-2020. The said applications were rejected as
computation of eligible export turnover was not compliant with amended Rule 89(4)(C). Petitioner contended that Sub-rule (4)(C) of
Rule 89, which was substituted with effect from 23-3-2020, had no application for refund in respect of exports made prior to the said
date.
The Court observed that the right for refund of the accumulated ITC stands crystalised on the date when subject goods are exported.
This is also reflected in Section 54 of the CGST Act. In terms of Section 54(1) of the CGST Act, the application for refund is required
to be made "before the expiry of two years from the relevant date in such form and manner as may be prescribed". The Court further
observed that the expression 'turnover' must necessarily read to mean the period during which the turnover is affected, that is, the
date when the supplies are made. It would thus follow that ITC relatable to the turnover of a period must-unless it is indicated otherwise
either expressly or by necessary implication-be ascertained in terms of the rules as in force during the said period. Thus, it was held
that the appellate authority erred in applying Rule 89(4)(C) of the Rules as amended with effect from 23-3-2020 for computing the
export turnover for the purposes of determining the refund as claimed by the petitioner. The High Court further stated that We do not
consider it necessary to examine the challenge in view of the decision of the Hon'ble Karnataka High Court in M/s Tonbo Imaging
India Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India and Ors., decided on 16-2-2023

2

Section
75

Notice issued with
time, place and venue
of hearing mentioning
“NA” was contrary to
provisions of Section
75(4)

Sumit Enterprises v.
State of U.P. [2023] 155
taxmann.com 190
(Allahabad)

Notice was issued under Section 74 wherein the date by which the reply was to be submitted was mentioned as 26.07.2021, however,
date of personal hearing, time of personal hearing and venue of personal hearing were not indicated and simply the word "NA" was
transcribed. Even in the reminder notice sent to the petitioner, in the column of date of personal hearing, time of personal hearing and
venue of personal hearing, "NA" was transcribed.
The Court observed that provisions of Section 75(4) was interpreted in Party Time Hospitality Prop. Smt. Punita Gupta Lko. v. State
Of U.P. & 2 Others (Writ Tax No.176 of 2023) decided on 28.08.2023 wherein it was held that compliance of Section 75(4) of GST
Act is mandatory. Thus, the Court quashed the order as it was contrary to the mandate of Section 75(4) and was violative of principles
of natural justice.

3

Section
129

Seven Days for
issuance of notice
U/Sec 129(3) have to
be calculated from the
date of detention and
not from the following
date

Tvl. V. V. Iron and Steels
v. State Tax Officer [2023]
155 taxmann.com 220
(Madras)

The goods/conveyance were intercepted on 30-8-2023 and order for physical verification/inspection of goods/conveyance and
documents was issued in Form GST Mov-02 on the same date i.e., on 30-8-2023. The notice was received by the petitioner on 8-9-
2023. The petitioner contended that the impugned notice in Form GST Mov-07 was issued beyond the period of limitation prescribed
under section 129(3). The revenue contended that the notice was dispatched to the petitioner through e-mail at about 5.54 p.m. on 7-
9-2023 and on the same date i.e., on 7-9-2023, the notice was also affixed on the vehicle.
The Court observed that provision of Section 129(3) has not used the expression "within seven days from the date of detention or
seizure". The language in Section 129(3) is clear. Notice specifying payment of penalty has to be issued within seven days of detention
or seizure of goods. Issuance of notice within seven days has to be calculated from the date on which seizure was to be effected and
not from the following date. Thus, the last date for issuance of the impugned notice would have expired on 6-9-2023. However, the
impugned notice has been dispatched through e-mail only on the following date i.e., on 7-9-2023 after the expiry of limitation.
Therefore, on this ground alone, the impugned notice was quashed

4

Section
29 and
Section
30

Reasons are heart
and soul of the order
and noncommunication of
same itself amounts to
denial of reasonable
opportunity of hearing

Suresh Industries v.
Superintendent Range VI
[2023] 155 taxmann.com
221 (Gujarat)

The petitioner stated that the reason given in the SCN was vague and did not refer to any particular facts so as to enable the petitioner
to give reply. The respondent never verified registered premises of petitioner and hence that ground mentioned in SCN was incorrect.
The Court observed that reasons are heart and soul of the order and non-communication of same itself amounts to denial of
reasonable opportunity of hearing, resulting in miscarriage of justice. Thus, it was held that by issuing a cryptic SCN, authorities had
violated the principles of natural justice. From SCN, reasons for cancellation were not decipherable and thus, it was set aside.
Cases Referred- Aggarwal Dyeing and Printing Works v. State of Gujarat., reported in [2022] 137 taxmann.com 332 (Gujarat), A.K.
Kraipak v. Union of India, (1970) 1 SCR 45. The Hon'ble Supreme Court vide judgments in the cases of Ravi Yashwant Bhoir v. District
Collector Raigad, (2012) 4 SCC 407, Sant Lal Gupta v. Modern Cooperative Grouop Housing Society Limited, (2010) 13 SCC
336; Kranti Associates Private Limited v. Masood Ahmed Khan, (2010) 9 SCC 496; Abdul Ghaffar v. State of Bihar, (2008) 3 SCC
258